Jenis - Jenis Ancaman Pada Komputer

Phising

Phising adalah suatu metode yang di gunakan hacker untuk mencuri password dengan cara mengelabui target menggunakan fake form login pada situs palsu yang menyerupai situs aslinya.

pada beberapa kasus, situs palsu tersebut tidak terlalu mirip namun karena target kurang berhati hati dan tidak punya pengalaman tentang metode phishing maka bisa saja terjebak. Istilah phishing dalam bahasa Inggris berasal dari kata fishing alias memancing, dalam hal ini maksudnya adalah memancing informasi dan kata sandi pengguna (wikipedia).

Ketika kita tahu cara kerja phising maka akan lebih mudah untuk menghindarinya. Tahapan atau Cara kerja Phishing adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Dengan suatu cara si peretas membuat kita melakukan klik terhadap link situs palsu mereka, bisa dengan sebuah gambar menarik di media sosial, bujukan pada email dan lain sebagainya.

2. Setelah melakukan klik, kita akan di arahkan ke situs palsu yang mana pada situs tersebut terdapat form isian misalnya form login facebook dengan kata kata yang meyakinkan bahwa facebook kita telah logout dan meminta kita memasukkan username dan password kembali. kita yang tidak menyangka bahwa situs tersebut hanyalah tiruan akan mengisi saja username dan password tanpa curiga.

3. Apa yang kita masukkan ke form isian itu akan tersimpan di server si peretas. Jadi kita masih punya waktu untuk merubah password kita sebelum si peretas melihat username dan password kita di servernya.

4. Akun kita akan di ambil alih. peretas kemungkinan besar menggunakan akun kita untuk menyebarkan url psihing ke teman teman kita untuk mendapatkan korban yang lebih banyak.

Meretas password dengan metode phishing adalah yang paling mudah di praktikkan, itu sebabnya banyak sekali di dunia maya tersebar rujukan alamat alamat yang mengarahkan browser kita ke alamat web pishing atau web palsu.

PHARMING

Pharming adalah suatu cara yang digunakan untuk mengarahkan pengguna situs tertentu untuk masuk ke situs palsu yang mana interface dari situs itu dibuat mirip sekali dengan situs asli. Lalu bahayanya apa? Loh jelas bahaya, sebab di situs palsu itu ada form login, dengan mengisi form username dan password di situs plasu itu, maka username dan password kita bisa disimpan oleh pemilik situs palsu tersebut untuk digunakan di situs asli.

Istilah "pharming" adalah kata baru berdasarkan kata-kata "pertanian" dan "phishing". Phishing adalah jenis serangan sosial-engineering untuk mendapatkan mandat akses, seperti nama pengguna dan password. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, baik pharming dan phishing telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi untuk pencurian identitas online. Pharming telah menjadi perhatian utama untuk bisnis e-commerce dan situs perbankan online hosting. Tindakan canggih yang dikenal sebagai anti-pharming diperlukan untuk melindungi terhadap ancaman serius ini. Perangkat lunak antivirus dan perangkat lunak spyware removal tidak dapat melindungi terhadap pharming.

Tenses

NAME                        : LUDFI SATRIA N

NPM                           : 16114146

CLASS                       : 4KA23

TENSES

1.      Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.

Rumus :

(+) S + V1 (+es/s)                     
(-)  S + Do/Does + not +V1       
(?) Do/Does + not + S + V1?   

Contoh :

-          Sun Rises from east

-          We agree with the speaker’s opinion.

 (+) I read one book every month.

(-) They dont go to the beach on Monday.

(?) Do they go to the beach on weekend?

-              Penambahan “s/ es” pada Verb 1 hanya untuk subjek He, she dan it.

Contoh kalimat: She eats an banana.

-              Time Signal :Usually, Always, Often, Generally, Seldom

2.      Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.

Rumus :

(+) S + am/is/are + Ving              
(-)  S + am/is/are + not + Ving   
(?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?            

Contoh :

-          I am going to your home tomorrow

-          I’m driving a car to Bandung now.

(+) They are playing basket ball right now.

(-) I am not smoking.

(?) Are we talking about sport or health?

3.      Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus :

(+) S + have/has + V3               
(-)  S + have/has + not + V3     
(?) Have/has + S + V3?             

Contoh :

-          Peter has gone just now.

-          I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.

(+) I have bought a new car.

(-) The car hasnt stopped in front of he man.

(?) Have you bought a new car.

4.      Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.

Rumus :

(+) S + V2 + O                         
(-)  S + did + not + Inf (V1)    
(?) Did + S + Inf (V1)               

Contoh :

-          The party started at 10.00 a.m.

-          I went to school alone yesterday.

(+) I went to Jogjakarta with my family last week.

(-) You did not pay the tax last year.

(?) What did you buy last Sunday?

5.      Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense merupakan jenis tense yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan sebuah kejadian/ peristiwa yang telah terjadi di masa lampau namun masih berkesinambungan atau masih terus berlanjut hingga saat ini.

Rumus:

(+) S + have/has + been + Ving + Object

(-) S + have/has + not + been + Ving + Object

(?) Have/has + S + been + Ving + Object

Contoh:

(+) I have been asking for help since 2 hours ago but there is nobody here.

(-) She has not been teaching in that school since last year.

(?) Have you been calling me since then?

6.      Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Rumus :

(+) S + was/were + Ving             
(-)  S + was/were + not + Ving  
(?)  Was/were + S + Ving           

Contoh :

-          I was sleeping when you came.

-          She was cooking an hour ago

(+)  I had been heard the song many times before.

(-)  I had not selling a bicycle.

(?)  Had you been working?

7.      Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.

Rumus :

(+) S + Had + V3            
(-)  S + Had + not + V3   
(?)  Had + S + V3           

Contoh :

-          When he came last night, the cake had run out.

-          She had gone before you came.

(+) I had studied before she came to my house.

(-) She had not been a teacher when she got married.

(?) Had you been checked the list of equipments before you had travelling?

8.      Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

Rumus:

(+) Subject + had + been + V1-ing

(-) Subject +had+not+been+V1-ing

(?) had+ Subject +been+V1-ing

Contoh:

(+)  I had been heard the song many times before.

(-)  I had not selling a bicycle.

(?)  Had you been working?

9.      Future perfect tense 

adalah tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu atau sebelum perbuatan lain terjadi di masa mendatang. 

Rumus :

(+) S + Will + Have + V3          
(-)  S + will + not + have + V3   
(?) Will + S + have + V3         

Contoh:

-          Susi will have finished her work at 3.30 p.m.

-          Susi will not have finished her work at 3.30 p.m.

(+) I had studied before she came to my house.

(-) She had not been a teacher when she got married.

(?) Had you been checked the list of equipments before you had travelling?

Provide Suitable Tense

NAME                        : LUDFI SATRIA N

NPM                           : 16114146

CLASS                       : 4KA23

1.    Q:  While she was trying to read, her friend (practise) the piano.

A: While she was trying to read, her friend was practicing the piano.

2.   Q: He (buy) several jerseys in the last two years.

A: He bought several jerseys in the last two years.

3.   Q:   She (bone) the meat later.

A: She will bone the meat later.

4.    Q:  By the time you get there they already (leave).

A: By the time you get there they already left.

5.    Q:  I (drown). Nobody (save) me.

A: I was drowning. Nobody saved me

6.   Q:   He said she not (return) the book yet.

A: He said she haven’t returned the book yet.

7.      Q: What you (darn) at the moment?

A: What are you darning at the moment?

8.   Q:   She (think) her husband will buy a new fridge.

A: She thinks her husband will buy a new fridge.

9.   Q:   How much you (spend) in London so far?

A: How much have you spent in London so far?

10. Q:  In a month’s time I (learn) more words than ever.

A: In a month’s time I learnt more words than ever.

11. Q:  After he (see) the giraffe he spoke to the keeper.

 A:After he had seen the giraffe he spoke to the keeper.

12. Q:  He (buy) weed-killer when they arrested him.

A: He was buying weed-killer when they arrested him.

13. Q:  The plumbing always (give) trouble during the summer.

A: The plumbing always gives trouble during the summer.

14. Q:  The trout (rise) when they reached the lake.

A: The trout was rising when they reached the lake.

15. Q:  You (recognise) this statue?

A: Do you recognise this statue?

16. Q: They say they not (perform) tomorrow.

A: They say they will not perform tomorrow.

17. Q: What you (do) since your last recital?

A: What have you done since your last recital?

18. Q:  As it (rain) he put up his umbrella.

A: As it raining he put up his umbrella.

19. Q:  They (hear) beethoven better conducted earlier in the year.

A: They heard beethoven better conducted earlier in the year.

20. Q:  What (go) on here?

A: What is going on here?

21. Q:  I only just (realize) what she meant.

A: I only have just realized what she meant.

22. Q:  I never (plant) crocuses again.

A: I will never plant crocuses again.

23. Q:  You (enjoy) yourself when I saw you at the party?

A: Were you enjoying yourself when I saw you at the party?

24. Q:  I (be) to the zoo and (go) while they are still talking about visiting it.

A: I have been to the zoo and went while they are still talking about visiting it.

25. Q:  She (dock) at Tillbary last week.

A: She docked at Tillbary last week.

26. Q:  He always (accelerate) too quickly.

A: He always accelerates too quickly.

About TOEFL

TOEFL stands for "Test Of English as a Foreign Language". It’s an English Proficiency test, conducted to evaluate the English speaking and understanding ability of a candidate by analysing their English ability in terms of reading, speaking, listening and writing. It's designed to measure English language skills of non-native speakers.

Who takes the TOEFL?

• Students entering into a high school in an English speaking country

• Students attending 2-year community college programs in an English speaking country

• People who are looking to be licensed or certified in a particular field

• People who need to demonstrate their mastery of the English language for immigration purposes

• Those who simply want to assess their English language skills in a formal setting 

The creators of the test recommend that students be at least in the 11th grade (or 17 years of age) before attempting to take the TOEFL. The test requires you to read some difficult passages and be familiar with some high-level vocabulary and most students are not exposed to this type of language before the 11th grade.

Everything You Need to Know About the TOEFL Exam Pattern, Explained

The 4 Major Sections of the TOEFL

The Reading section (60-100 minutes long) assesses your ability to understand and analyze written texts on topics like science and academic discussions.

The Listening section (60-90 minutes long) makes sure you can understand information given to you orally—for example, when you listen to a lecture or speak to a professor at university. This section has four to six lectures and questions that test your understanding of the content, as well as your understanding of the motivations and emotions of speakers.

The Speaking section (20 minutes) consists of six tasks that you complete by talking into a microphone during the test. It is meant to measure how well you can express your thoughts and ideas in English.

And finally, the Writing section (50 minutes) is all about demonstrating how you can use your English in writing. Here, you will apply your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary and form clear sentences and paragraphs.

The TOEFL is a test that you will take all in one day. It is four and a half hours long with one short break in the middle, between the Listening and Speaking sections.

What Is the TOEFL Reading Section Like?

Each text will be followed by 12-14 questions. These questions may ask you to do one of the following tasks:

• define a word (testing your vocabulary)

• identify an idea or argument (testing your understanding)

• find a false statement (testing overall comprehension)

What Is the TOEFL Listening Section Like?

During Listening, you will be working with two different types of audio:

• recordings of lectures

• recordings of conversations

Can I Take a Break?

Yes!

TOEFL has a 10-minute break in the middle of the exam, and it is mandatory, which means that everyone must stop.

You will be asked to leave the room—and you should! Use this time to walk around, stretch your legs and your back, eat your snack and drink your beverage. Go to the bathroom, too!

After the break, it is time to start the Speaking and Writing sections.

What Is the TOEFL Speaking Section Like?

You will be given six Speaking tasks in total. Two of them will ask you to express an opinion on an everyday topic. This is the Independent Speaking section. For the Independent Speaking section, all you will hear is a question. You will not need to listen to a long recording or read any long passages.

The four remaining tasks will require you to discuss something that you read and hear. This is the Integrated Speaking section.

What Is the TOEFL Writing Section Like?

All your English skills come together in the last section of TOEFL. This last section is the Writing section. It is the section that judges your writing ability, grammar knowledge and vocabulary usage.

Writing consists of only two tasks: one Integrated Writing task and one Independent Writing task.

The idea behind these tasks is similar to the Speaking section tasks. For the Independent Writing task, you will write an opinion on a casual topic. You will get a question to answer, but you will not need to listen to a long audio recording or read a long passage.


TOEFL is a hard test, there is no doubt about it. But you can succeed.

You should register for it well in advance, giving yourself at least three or four months to study and prepare well for it.

And be sure to take a complete TOEFL practice exam at least once. Do this on BestMyTest—you’ll not only take a TOEFL practice exam that feels just like the real thing, you’ll also get feedback from certified TOEFL teachers and tons of interactive study tools. This is very important if you want to be fully prepared for the actual exam day.

The format of the test never changes, which is great news for you! This means that finding study help and resources is much easier.

You only need to learn about the format of the TOEFL once. Once you get it, you will be able to make up your own study schedule, focus on areas of your English to improve and ultimately increase your chances of success on TOEFL.